Congressional Oversight and the U.S. Government

Congressional Oversight and the U.S. Government Congressional oversight alludes to the intensity of the United States Congress to screen and, if fundamental, change the activities of the official branch, including the numerous government organizations. The essential objectives of congressional oversight are to forestall waste, misrepresentation, and misuse, and to secure common freedoms and individual rights by guaranteeing that the official branch agrees to the laws and the Constitution. Gotten from its â€Å"implied† powers in the U.S. Constitution, open laws, and House and Senate rules, congressional oversight is one of the key components of the American arrangement of governing rules of power.â Key Takeaways: Congressional Oversight Congressional oversight alludes to the intensity of the U.S. Congress to screen and change, if fundamental, the activities of the official branch, including the numerous bureaucratic agencies.The primary objectives of congressional oversight are forestalling waste, extortion, and misuse, and securing rights and common liberties.Congressional oversight is one of the â€Å"implied† powers allowed to Congress by the â€Å"necessary and proper† provision of the Constitution.In enabling the authoritative part of government to manage the official branch, congressional oversight shapes a key component of the arrangement of balanced governance of intensity. The extent of Congress’ forces of oversight stretches out to for all intents and purposes all projects, exercises, guidelines, and polices actualized by the presidential bureau offices, autonomous official offices, administrative sheets and commissions, and the President of the United States. Should Congress discover proof that an organization has mistakenly applied or surpassed its forces, Congress can pass a law overruling the activity or narrowing the agency’s administrative power. Congress can likewise constrain an agency’s power by decreasing its subsidizing in the yearly government spending plan process.â Oversight Definition Word references characterize â€Å"oversight† as â€Å"watchful and mindful care.† with regards to congressional oversight, this â€Å"watchful and dependable care† is applied through a wide assortment of congressional exercises, including nitty gritty examinations of program spending allocations and re-approvals demands. Oversight might be directed by standing and select congressional advisory groups, and through audits and studies led by congressional help offices and staff.â In Congress, oversight comes in numerous structures including: Hearings and examinations led by the standing or unique congressional committees;Consulting with or getting reports straightforwardly from the president;Giving its recommendation and assent for certain significant level presidential assignments and for treaties;Impeachment procedures led in the House and attempted in the Senate;House and Senate procedures under the 25th Amendment should the president become impaired, or the workplace of the VP becomes vacant;Senators and Representatives serving on presidentially-named commissions; andSpecial considers led by congressional boards of trustees and bolster organizations, for example, the Congressional Budget Office, the General Accountability Office, the Office of Technology Assessment, and the Congressional Research Service. Forces of Congress: When ‘Necessary and Proper’ While the Constitution doesn't officially allow Congress the position to direct the activities of the official branch, oversight is unmistakably suggested in the many listed forces of Congress. The intensity of congressional oversight is additionally fortified by the â€Å"necessary and proper† provision (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) of the Constitution, which awards Congress the force, â€Å"To make all Laws which will be essential and legitimate for conveying into Execution the prior Powers, and every single other Power vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.† The fundamental and appropriate condition further suggests that Congress has the ability to explore the activities of the official branch. It would be unthinkable for Congress to apply its oversight powers without knowing whether government programs are being managed appropriately and inside their financial plans and whether official branch authorities are complying with the law and agreeing to the authoritative purpose of the laws.â The U.S. Preeminent Court has affirmed the analytical forces of Congress, subject to protected shields for common freedoms. In the 1927 instance of McGrain v. Daugherty, the Court explicitly found that, in exploring activities taken by the Department of Justice, Congress had naturally viewed as a subject â€Å"on which enactment could be had or would be tangibly helped by the data which the examination was determined to elicit.† Legal Mandated for Congressional Oversight Alongside the fundamental and appropriate condition of the Constitution, a few significant laws give expansive commands to the intensity of congressional oversight. For instance, the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 requires the official organizations to counsel Congress when building up their key plans and report on their arrangements, objectives, and results in any event every year to the Government Accountability Office (GAO). Maybe the most significant, the Inspectors General Act of 1978 made inside every official branch organization a free guard dog Office of Inspector General (OIG) doled out to explore and provide details regarding issues of waste, extortion, and maltreatment to Congress. The Reports Consolidation Act of 2000 requires the OIGs to distinguish and report the most genuine administration and execution issues inside the organizations they monitor.â To be sure, one of the main laws passed by the First Congress in 1789 set up the Treasury Department and required the Secretary and the Treasurer to report legitimately to Congress on open uses and all records. Congressional Oversight Committees Today, as in the most punctual days of the Republic, Congress practices its capacity of oversight to a great extent through its congressional board of trustees framework. The guidelines of both the House and Senate permit their advisory groups and subcommittees to rehearse â€Å"special oversight† or â€Å"comprehensive strategy oversight,† on issues identifying with enactment under their purview. At the most elevated level, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, have oversight purview over for all intents and purposes each region of the administrative government.â Notwithstanding these and other standing boards of trustees, Congress has the ability to select brief â€Å"select† oversight panels to research serious issues or embarrassments inside the official branch. Instances of requests led by select councils remember the Watergate embarrassment for 1973-1974; Iran-Contra undertaking in 1987; and the associated securing with U.S. atomic weapons by China in 1999.â â Popular Examples of Congressional Oversight Throughout the years, government authorities have been uncovered and removed, significant arrangements have been changed, and the level of legal command over the official branch has been expanded because of Congress’ oversight powers. In 1949, a select Senate subcommittee found defilement inside the organization of President Harry S. Truman. Accordingly, a few organizations were rearranged and an extraordinary White House commission was delegated to research proof of defilement in every aspect of government.In the late 1960s, broadcast hearings of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on the alleged Pentagon Papers cemented open resistance to proceeded U.S. cooperation in the Vietnam War, rushing the finish of the conflict.Less than a year after subtleties of the 1973 Watergate outrage were uncovered, the House Judiciary Committees denunciation procedures against President Richard Nixon brought about his abdication from office. More as of late, during 1996 and 1997, the Senate Finance Committee examined and affirmed informant reports from Internal Revenue Service (IRS) charge assortment operators that they had been compelled by their administrators to badger residents who asserted they had been wrongly blamed f or owing unpaid assessments. Therefore, Congress, in 1998, passed enactment to change the IRS by making another autonomous oversight board inside the office, expanding the rights and assurances of citizens, and moving the weight of verification in charge debates from citizens to the IRS. In these and innumerable different cases, the intensity of congressional oversight has been basic in observing and checking the forces of the official branch and improving the productivity and cost-viability of government tasks by and large. Sources Halchin LE (2012). â€Å"Congressional Oversight.† CRS report to Congressâ€Å"Congressional Oversight of the Executive.† Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress. US House of Representativesâ€Å"McGrain v. Daugherty.† Oyez.org

McDonalds wishes to rework on its restaurant interiors Essay

McDonald’s is the world’s driving worldwide foodservice retailer with in excess of 33,000 areas in 118 nations. McDonald’s has a few organization possessed stores, yet utilizes Franchising for both household and universal development. McDonald’s India was set up as a 50:50 joint-adventure between McDonald’s at a worldwide level and provincial Indian accomplices, for example, Hardcastle Restaurants Private Limited in western India, and Connaught Plaza Restaurants Private Limited in northern India. McDonald’s at present has more than 220 eateries in the nation. McDonalds doesn’t give any money related help and truant responsibility for isn't permitted. Additionally, the money related necessities are very steep. MFY-for actualizing the MFY (Made for You) choice for clients, the establishments are required to redesign their hardware at their own cost. This caused some issue with keeping up standard help over all outlets. Estimating and menu may likewise be a state of trouble for the franchiser and franchisee as costs shift between organizations possessed and diversified stores. Conflicting guidelines There are a few examples of poor assistance or displeased clients grumbling about the nature of food served. This is on the grounds that it is hard to implement precisely the same norms in totally diversified stores. McDonald’s intends to give 100 percent all out consumer loyalty. So as to accomplish this objective , McDonald’s depends on its working way of thinking dependent on QSC and V †Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value. McDonald’s accepts that consumer loyalty is essential to the achievement of the brand and all Restaurants must perform to the gauges. These measures are utilized in both organization claimed and diversified cafés. QUALITY Best fixings: This is accomplished by its duty to sourcing every one of its prerequisites from nearby ranchers and providers. Prior to entering India, the organization went through six years and Rs. 450 crore toset up its flexibly chain. In India McDonalds spearheaded the virus chain the board which helpskeep vegetables and handled items ok for a more extended time. Planning Standards: Best quality normalized fixings guarantee normalized planning guidelines can be followed. Each item has a fixed method of planning. Be that as it may, more up to date McDonald’s stores offer MFY (Made for You) where the item is made simply after the request is put. Different principles: * FIFO: (First in first out) for all inventories. * Reverse assimilation water treatment plant: Best innovation for water filtration at each outlet to give water. Severe gauges for vegan items including eggless mayonnaise and eggless frozen yogurt. Administration * Soft gauges: * Welcome each client with a grin and are truly agreeable consistently * Deliver predictable principles of cordiality Seize chances to cooperate with clients in an individual and positive manner * Be very much educated about item substance and dietary data * Always show up spotless and all around prepped. * Hard gauges: * Serve new and hot * Serve inside one moment of getting request or give a free coke. This is executed in a couple of outlets and isn't relevant during top hours. * Neatness and Hygiene * The counters, tables, floor region are to be kept clean consistently. * All staff required to cover their heads and wear gloves when inside arrangement zone. * All these guidelines are assessed by riddle customers and appraised. This is known as a RVR Restaurant Visitation Report) which gives a preview of the stores execution over a time of a couple of hours. The stores are evaluated either A, B, C or F. Office Exterior: Outside Design: McDonalds configuration shows a feeling of â€Å"Forever Young† look with brilliant red and yellow hues speaking to the kids and building up its family eatery situating. The structure gives a reasonable, contemporary plan that lines up with the McDonald’s brand pith while obliging the most recent operational and shopper experience measures. Their mascot Ronald Mcdonald is additionally present outside every one of their eateries. McDonalds consistently have all glass eateries. McDonalds has in every case plainly recognized and dealt with the different intimations that clients use to shape the impressions and feeling about their organization. Moreover, McDonalds has separate remove counters so as to spare time of their benefactors. Signage: All of McDonalds outer signage peruses as, â€Å"McDonalds-Family café. Additionally remembering with the neighborhood language, all McDonalds eatery have their name sheets in Hindi. McDonalds unequivocally has confidence in sticking to the neighborhood assessments and consequently none of the outlets in India sell Beef items and each eatery has this referenced. Likewise McDonalds, unequivocally trusts in glass marking for any new items or administrations they offer. The greater part of the correspondence is intended to take into account neighborhood tastes and inclinations. Stopping/Landscape/Surrounding Environment: All McDonald outlets are found are available and present wherever in this manner gaining by brand acknowledgment. A large portion of the McDonalds have their own eateries and thus the seating space accessible is selective to McDonald’s supporters. Likewise McDonalds offers legitimate stopping offices for its expressway cafés. Office Interior All McDonalds outlet are normalized as far as format and have appropriate in-store marking. The â€Å"Young and Cheerful† plan idea is a dynamic, young, and enthusiastic condition with open perspectives for social collaboration. All McDonald outlets are gigantic with legitimate walkways and entries with proper signage for seating field, latrines, wet floor and food counters. McDonalds has a Made for You food arrangement platform.MFY is a special idea (cooking technique) where the food is set up as the client puts in its request. This cooking strategy has helped McDonald’s further reinforce its sanitation, cleanliness and quality measures. McDonalds additionally has enlightened Menu sheets that offer a blend of both veggie lover and non vegan burgers alongside different savories and beverages. McDonalds additionally has appropriate lines for setting request and frequently there is an official who helps you all together putting. Likewise McDonalds gives toys for kids in this manner making them needing to return. The other obvious signals are shading, lighting, in-store music, worker regalia and plate with artistic. McDonalds has adequate in store lighting and straightforwardly inï ¬â€šuences an individual’s view of the deï ¬ nition and nature of the space, inï ¬â€šuencing their consciousness of physical, passionate, mental, and otherworldly parts of the space. The splendid McDonald stores guarantee brief dealing with and assessment of items. In all McDonald stores the lighting is seen as more charming than other cheap food conditions. The shading plan that McDonalds utilizes unearths sprightliness and warmth. Red delineates vibrance, gladness while yellow portrays neighborliness and brilliance. At McDonalds, music is a positive sound-related sign invigorating explicit customer conduct and feelings. Music seems to impact purchaser merchant collaboration. There is sound played about the most recent offers and items. Additionally a parity and consistent sound makes a charming sound condition. All representatives at McDonald are given regalia and name identifications alongside tops with McDonald signature â€Å"M† curve. Workers are additionally prepared with fitting delicate abilities to address clients. Each representative or bleeding edge official welcomes the client and trades merriments, which satisfies them. Administration quality hole: The five holes that associations should quantify oversee and limit: Gap 1 (Listening hole) is the separation between what clients expect and what chiefs think they expect †Clearly review explore is a key method to limit this hole. Hole 2 (norm and detail hole) is between the board discernment and the genuine determination of the client experience †Managers need to ensure the association is characterizing the degree of administration they accept is required. 29 Hole 3 (execution gap)is from the experience particular to the conveyance of the experience - Managers need to review the client experience that their association presently conveys so as to ensure it satisfies the detail Hole 4 (correspondence hole) is the hole between the conveyance of the client experience and what is imparted to clients †over and over again associations overstate what will be given to clients, or talk about the best case instead of the feasible case, raising client desires and hurting client discernments Hole 5 is the hole between a customer’s impression of the experience and the customer’s desire for the administration †Customers’ desires have been formed by listening in on others' conversations, their own needs and their own past encounters. Routine value-based overviews in the wake of conveying the client experience are significant for an association to quantify client view of administration Administration Quality measurements Effects : Physical proof of administration Unwavering quality : Consistency of execution and trustworthiness Responsiveness : Willingness/status of representatives to offer support in opportune way Validity : Trustworthiness, authenticity, genuineness Security : Freedom from threat, hazard, question, confirmation ensure, Certification Ability : Possession of expected aptitudes to perform administration Access : Approachability and simplicity of contact Empathy Civility : Politeness, regard, thought, cordiality Qualities: They place client involvement with the center of everything they do: They accept clients are the explanation behind their reality. They exhibit their increase by giving them top notch food and prevalent help in a perfect, inviting condition, at an extraordinary worth. Their objective is qua

Tessellation Pattern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decoration Pattern - Essay Example With distinctive lines and fundamental positive shape, I think that its helpful for concoct a decoration of the ‘barking dog’ for its solid subtleties can be promptly imagined to wind up with sharp geometric decorated structure. It is increasingly helpful I assume to decorate with straight as opposed to bended edges of the model all the while. Utilizing MS Paint of the Windows embellishments, I previously trimmed the picture to make a woofing hound design at that point reordered a similar example in succession. The underlying change is decipher every basic figure vertically then reflect it about the vertical hub to show a column of yapping hound pictures on top and at the base of the one bearing the first example. As such, the decoration configuration comprises of columns in unique and converse places of the yapping hound picture rotating each other in two shades †earthy colored and pink. By on a level plane flipping a line of mass created figure with a column of the primary direction set on the second, there rises ease in yielding a sight of the whole item. Tedium is additionally decreased in this strategy since changing by methods for deciphering reflections makes spatial equalization in any event, if not balance. It would feel as though the decorated item is less mind boggling in see particularly that in the middle of the strong pink and the strong earthy colored, an outer structure cut-out that follows the source design additionally interchanges in strong shades of maize and blue dark on utilization of a similar change conspire. Lei, Bonita (2000). â€Å"Keith Haring.† Great Modern Pictures. Recovered from http://www.picsearch.com/imageDetail.cgi?id=U06MIagCZy2p1KI3r14v5Q1HSVXUKX7PubEXbzY8Wgc&width=1007&start=1&q=Keith%20Haring on July 3,

Tips On How To Analyze An Article -

Writing a research paper is one thing, writing an analysis of a published research paper is another, and it can be overwhelming at times. The fact that a research paper is composedof a lot of seemingly complicated sections such as conceptual and theoretical frameworks, methodology, and results discussion can intimidate someone especially when the topic is alien to the person trying to analyze the study. What we all forget is that, more often than not, research papers are written in such a way that all types of readers can understand it. If you cannot understand it, it is probably not your fault, however, as a reader, you are also responsible for ensuring that you are well-equipped especially if the task is to evaluate a research paper. To avoid cluelessness, the following steps may be helpful:PrepareIt is essential to first identify the specific topic of the research paper you are to evaluate. For example, as you skimmed through the study, you figured that the topic is Human Behavior , but knowing that is not enough. Readers tend to forget or even purposefully ignore the title of a study. The thing is a research paper speaks every significant variables of its content through its title. As you rummage for the title, you then realized that the study you are about to read is narrowed down to Behavioral Study of Obedience.ResearchNow, if you found yourself still unfamiliar about the topic, the answer is simple: read and read more. First and foremost, make sure that you know the definition of the terms and how each term was used in the study. Then, find online articles that feature the same topic but covers the basics. If possible, read other published research studies as this can confirm if you are on the right track. Also, do not forget to jot down the key details as well the bibliographical information of that study. If you feel like the topic is not an unknown ground anymore, read through your chosen study. If you are still uncertain of where the paper could be g oing, continue researching about the topic. After all, you cannot evaluate a paper if you know nothing about it.Take notesAt first, you are intimidated but upon reading, you became confident of your understanding of the topic - way too confident that you chose to not take notes. As a result, you had to go back and forth through the research paper as you hunt for the key information you wish to commend or inquire upon, and since you need to look for something, it disrupted the flow of your ideas. Consequently, you got frustrated. This is why you need to keep your thoughts organized and you can do so by taking notes.EvaluateAnalyzing a research paper is not as simple as agreeing to the researchers and commending how well they presented their results. Yes, it is inevitable to agree to certain thoughts mentioned in the study, but, remember your notes on other studies? These studies are either leaning on a similar direction or not. Your evaluation then should lie on the differences of th e studies you read because you cannot rely on your own thoughts. Always remember that you are only imposing inquiries as a reader.CompareNote the different approaches utilized by all the studies you read and present what you think is the best approach utilized for the topic. Justify why you think so and clarify the issues you found in other research methods. For example, the quantity of respondents is too low, making invalid figures for generalizations on a certain locale. Aside from this, you also need to cite the best points of the studies you compared against your chosen study.RecommendOnce you have covered both the best points and issues of your chosen research, proceed to offering solutions to those issues. Hint: Read through the sections Research Gap and/or Future Studies thoroughly because this is where you can confirm if your evaluation of the paper is valid or not. You can also find here the future studies that the researchers themselves persuade other researchers to focus on. P.S. DO NOT FORGET TO CITE YOUR SOURCES. Also, do not hesitate to get help.

Domestic And International Policy Formulation Essay

At the core of both domestic and international policy formulation is the underlying issue of the financial enrichment of the state structure and the individual. It is undeniable that significant transformation of global economic norms has occurred since the advent of the neoliberal age in the mid 1970s, and the subsequent promotion of government non-intervention, deregulation and trade liberalisation. New Zealand’s is no exception to this trend, and our transition from British colony to independent constitutional monarchy with a unique set of values, ideologies and national identity has paved the way for our nation to branch out into the newly expanded global market. Indeed, the development of New Zealand’s domestic economy and trade policy has undergone a seismic shift which has drastically altered our national patterns of trade since 1929. While export trade to the East is still in its infancy, it is becoming increasingly clear that there is a growing demand in the East for New Zealand agricultural products such as wool, meat, and dairy products. This essay aims to use the analysis provided by McNair in his article â€Å"New Zealand’s Trade with the East† as a comparative tool to describe the transition of the Eastern global region from one of New Zealand’s least influential markets, to one of its greatest. Furthermore, it aims to examine which economic theory best explains this increase in instances of trade over time, namely that of the Product Cycle Theory. As such, theShow MoreRelatedRational Expectations is an Aspect of Domestic Policy727 Words   |  3 PagesAspect of domestic policy Application of differences in viewpoints analytical captured in figure 2.1 for theories as much as the internal politics of those international relations . 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Characteristics Of Pessimism In The Great Gatsby - 1160 Words

The novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is filled with many characters with different personalities and traits. Although there are some characters with desirable qualities, Daisy Buchanan has qualities in which I do not want to embrace. Daisy has a pessimistic outlook on the world. When discussing the gender of her child, she says, â€Å"‘All right, I said, Im glad its a girl. And I hope shell be a fool--thats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool (Fitzgerald 17). Daisy seems to be somewhat discouraged about her role in the world and takes it that in society she has to be pretty because that the best a girl can be. Along with her pessimism, she can be quite self- centered and hurtful. After Daisy†¦show more content†¦Yes, receiving news like this creates an instantaneous feeling of fear. Instead of thinking the worst outcome and having a pessimistic attitude, I thought of it as an inspiration. I apply this concept to major thing s like that but also things as simple as getting a bad grade on a test. It is much easier to turn bad things into an inspiration or a more positive thing than to burden yourself with the worst feeling. Although it is a quality no one wants to attribute to themselves, being self-centered is often overlooked. This is a quality that has been present in everyones lives. There are times where I can be self-centered, even small things like dominating a conversation or having poor listening skills. These are times that I am unintentionally being self-centered. This is a quality in which it is very easy to creep into your life if you’re not careful. I try to put others before myself. One time, a little girl behind me in line for the bathroom was crying to her mother about how bad she needed to go. Instead of going, I let her go before me knowing that she needed it a lot more than I did. Similar to being self-centered, money can easily dictate attitude as well. A lot of people associa te money with success and status. I believe that people shouldn’t view money as a determining factor for success or happiness, but rather attribute to those things. Although it is something I have yet toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1920 Words   |  8 Pages How does The Great Gatsby demonstrate the life or death of the American Dream?The American Dream is an implicit assurance given to all American people, which asserts that any person can aim to new heights by their meritocracy ideologies, regardless of their social class. The Great Gatsby presents the American Dream as a delusion which can never be attained. Several aspects represent the American Dream invalidity such as Daisys personification as the American Dream, Myrtles demise, the meritocracyRead MoreLife, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness2397 Words   |  10 Pagesand persevere. Prosperity may be harder to reach, but that just means harder work and more dedication is required. The American Dream is the shared philosophy of the American people, and very much a reality. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby deals with many of the social and philosophical intricacies associated with the American Dream. Written during a time of strong social division, the American Dream was the aspiration of success and wealth for the common man. Manifesting itselfRead MoreEssay on 103 American Literature Final Exam5447 Words   |  22 Pagespsychological problems can and should be treated by new medications. (D) Patients should deal with traumatic experiences and their resulting fears by repressing them. Speaking about or analyzing trauma only intensifies its power and ill effects. 16. The term â€Å"Great Migration† refers to: (A) the enormous influx of eastern and southern European, as well as Asian, immigrants to the United States beginning in 1924 (B) the large number of African Americans who left the United States for Africa in the 1920s and ’30s

Political Economy and Foreign Direct Investment in South Africa

Question: Discuss about thePolitical Economy and Foreign Direct Investment in South Africa. Answer: Introduction Though South Africa has devolved so much power to the provincial governments, it is not a federal state. The boundaries and names of the provinces have been set out in the countries constitution. This simply means that for any boundary or name of a province to be changed, and then it must be approved by a required number of members of parliament for this to go through. This approval will then lead to the constitutional amendment that is done on these boundaries and names of the provinces. South Africa has adopted a parliamentary system of government(Anyanwu, 2012). It has a bicameral parliament. The parliament constitutes the National Council of Provinces and the National Assembly. Its parliament is headquartered in Cape Town. South Africas parliament is the most important house in the country and it has four hundred members that are directly elected by the people. The members serve a five-year term. Article 50 of the countries constitution gives the President the power to dissolve the parliament even before the end of its term as long as the majority of members have voted and agreed to do so. The acting President in South Africa has the power to dissolve the parliament in a case where there is no any sitting president. This may occur if the parliament has failed to install a new President within a time frame of thirty days of the occurrence of a vacancy. The national parliament is normally elected by a closed-list proportional representation. About two hundred seats are normally filled from the provincial lists while the rest come from the national list. Parties are always allowed to choose if they wish to bring both national and regional lists. However, the lists are not allowed to have more candidates than the number of seats that are in parliament, especially in the national parliament. Voting and registration is voluntary in South Africa(Asongu, 2016). The only persons allowed to vote in South Africa are the ones over the age of 16 years and poses a valid identity document although the only ones that can vote are citizens over the age of 18 years. For one to be qualified to be an elected member of parliament in South Africa, he or she must be a registered voter. However, those barred from being elected are the members appointed in the public service and also other legislative bodies, anyone convicted of an offence and sentenced to more than twelve months, unrehabilitated insolvents and any person that has been declared as of unsound mind by a court of law(Dunning, 2013). At the moment, the South African citizens that live in the diaspora are also now allowed to vote. The National Assembly mostly dispenses many matters in South Africa. Bills are allowed to be introduced in the South African parliament by individual members, ministers, committees and the deputy ministers. However, the concerned minister can only introduce any bill that is related to dealings of the appropriation of revenue to the provincial governments or the money bills(Jadhav, 2012). The head of government and state is the President who has a constitutional responsibility of upholding, defending and respecting the constitution as the supreme law of the country. The President is the main unifying factor of the country and is responsible for advancing the country. The President is elected by the national parliament during the first sitting or whenever a vacancy arises that needs to be filled within a period of 30 days. The President is only required to serve for two terms. The period between the regular election of a president and a vacancy is not always regarded as a term. The responsibility of signing, assenting of the bills, summoning any house to a special sitting, referring of bills to parliament, making any appointments, referring bills to the constitutional courts, calling a national referendum, appointing commissions, conferring honors and reprieving offenders among others all rest with the President. The cabinet ministers all exercise the executive authority together with the sitting President through the implementation of the national legislation(Kivyiro Arminen, 2014). The cabinet is responsible for implementation and development of the state policies, coordination of the national functions especially in the state administrations and departments, initiation and preparation of legislation and undertaking any other state function that the constitution stipulates. The Legal System South Africas independent judiciary is made up of the High Court, the Supreme Court of Appeal, the Magistrates Courts, the Constitutional Court and other courts that have been established by the Parliamentary Acts. The Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice and nine other judges all constitute the highest court in South Africa called the Constitutional Court. The highest court on land always handles all the major constitutional matters. The highest court makes decisions on disputes arising between the state organs either provincially or nationally. The court decides on the constitutionality of any provincial or national assembly bill in a situation where the President or the Premier asks for a determination about any constitutional amendments. The court also has the mandate of deciding whether the President or the national assembly has failed in fulfilling of a constitutional duty and certifying a provincial constitution. The highest court of appeal in South Africa is the Supreme Court of Appeal. However, it does not decide on constitutional matters. It only handles cases that deal with non-constitutional matters in the country. The High Court is regarded as a superior court of law with seven provincial divisions. It has an overall jurisdiction over a particular geographical location. It handles serious civil matters and criminal cases particularly those that involve over 100,000 rands. The Magistrate courts mostly handle claims under 100,000. The Magistrate courts act as a first instance for many criminal cases in South Africa. The Regional courts only handle serious cases that cannot be handled at a lower level. Economic System of South Africa South Africas economy is the second largest after Nigeria in Africa. Its economy is said to account for about 24 percent of all Africas gross domestic product. The World Bank ranks South Africa as an upper-middle-income economy. The others in Africa ranked the same are Mauritius, Botswana and Gabon(Ravenhill, 2014). South Africas Gross Domestic Product is said to have tripled to about $400 billion ever since its international sanctions were lifted in the year 1996. It has increased its foreign reserve from $3 billion to about $ 50 billion. This has enabled it to create a diversified economy that has a sizable and growing middle class after the abolishment of apartheid. However, a myriad of several problems like political mismanagement, income inequality, and crime, lack of enough electricity and low levels of education are affecting the country. These have affected its economy negatively. South Africas Attractiveness Due to its free-market, it has always encouraged its foreign investment in both the private and public sectors. There are some factors that contribute to foreign investment that include: access to raw materials, transparent regulatory framework, political stability and a huge population. It has a great potential for promising foreign investment when compared to other African countries(Asongu, 2016). Its foreign investment has been on the rise due to improvement and investment in its infrastructure. It is still ranked as the highest most attractive economy to invest in the African continent despite all the challenges it is currently facing like the slow growth and gloomy ratings. References Jadhav, P. (2012). Determinants of foreign direct investment in BRICS economies: Analysis of economic, institutional and political factor.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,37, 5-14. Kivyiro, P., Arminen, H. (2014). Carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investment: Causality analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa.Energy,74, 595-606. Anyanwu, J. C. (2012). Why does foreign direct investment go where it goes? New evidence from African countries.Annals of Economics and Finance,13(2), 425-462. Asongu, S. A. (2016). Law and investment in Africa.Institutions and Economies,8(2). Dunning, J. H. (2013). The role of foreign direct investment in a globalizing economy.PSL Quarterly Review,48(193). Ravenhill, J. (2014).Global political economy. Oxford University Press.